Also, there is a new demand for more sources of employment. Coincidentally, a number of mechanical inventions for farms are invented, as well as new, more productive farming practices are adopted.
Because credit is available with lower interest rates and because money is available for investment due to trade profits, this new farm machinery is purchased. In order to better utilize this farm machinery, pressure is placed on the English parliament to pass the Enclosure Laws.
Consequently, many small parcels of land are bought by wealthy landowners. In , Richard Arkwright patents a spinning machine, which is called the water frame because water powered it. This technological development revolutionizes the spinning of cotton. The water frame can spin and weave cloth times faster than can be done by hand.
Richard Arkwright builds one of the water frame machines in your village. This is why he is known in history as 'Father of the Factory'.
Workers are needed to work in this factory. Since many people cannot compete with the machine, and still more have lost their land because of the Enclosure Movement, many people come to work for Arkwright. We must also add one more development. It is important because it provided cheap, efficient transportation. To illustrate its impact, compare this:. The canal revolution significantly reduced the prices of raw materials and finished goods because it reduced the costs of transportation.
Since the profits from this textile factory are enormous, other investors invest their money [or capital] in machines like the water frame.
New factories are built. These factory owners will be called capitalists, because they had the capital or money to purchase raw cloth, buildings, machines and to pay workers. Word has reached surrounding villages of these new sources of employment and the high wages which go with these jobs. More and More people move to your village.
Housing is in great demand. New housing is constructed quickly, with little attention to building codes or comfort. So draw fast. More workers mean more people have to live, eat, and shop for goods.
They will need stores that sell cheaper food and goods. Since workers have only Sunday off, many seek religious relief. Then, women worked long hard hours in these factories. The average workday begins at A. There is only a 15 minute break for lunch.
After work, exhausted stop at their favorite pub to relax. Despite the misery of the workers, the capitalists and large farm owners are making large profits. It is now the 's. A man named James Watt invents the rotary steam engine. The steam engine replaces the water frame. First, it is more efficient; second, it allows factories to be built away from the river, and near canals.
More and more capitalists buy these steam engines for their textile factories. Additionally, in the steam-power loom, created by Edmond Cartwright, speeded up the weaving of cotton yarn into cloth. Soon, all aspects of cotton manufacture were performed in factories. Domestic or cottage manufacture, important for several centuries, but inefficient, begins to disappear.
Machines can spin and weave cloth a thousand times faster than could be done by hand. The modern weaving industry is born. This process made it possible for coal [ which is in abundance in the hills near your village] to be used as a fuel in the iron industry. Consequently, England and your village are propelled into the 'Age of Heavy Industry'. Large new factory districts appear. With manufactured iron available at low prices and transported by your canals, the construction of more and better machines become possible.
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