The vulnerability allows an unprivileged network attacker to perform a remote privilege escalation. It also allows an unprivileged local user to perform the privilege escalation. Intel has released detection and mitigation guidance recommending that system owners seek firmware updates from the Original Equipment Manufacturers OEMs. Faulty Intel Atom C Processor Abstract: The Intel Atom C processor series has a critical flaw, the clock signal component degrades after months of operational usage.
As a consequence, the degradation of the processor will likely result in abrupt device failure. This processor supplies critical clock signal timing to other hardware components, including the boot ROM.
These processors have been embedded in several network and enterprise devices, which provide communication security and data storage services. Vendors are cooperating with customers to replace affected products. NSA recommends to immediately remove and replace affected devices from operational networks. Privileged Access Management Abstract: Privileged Access Management PAM solutions protect and track the use of sensitive or critical capabilities such as administrative or service accounts.
PAM solutions provide a centralized management interface for authentication and access control throughout the network. This unification provides simplified device management as well as an improved, granular least privilege implementation. In some cases, access controls and management functions can be automated. This memory location has been leveraged in attacks to successfully exploit a system.
Microsoft developed and released the KB patch MS for bit and bit versions of Windows 7 and Windows 7 SP1 to mitigate this exploitation vector.
Least Privilege Abstract: The least privilege principle is the practice of restricting capabilities to only those who require them. Removal of Server Message Block 1. The SMB 1. All supported versions of the Windows operating system support at least SMB 2. At a minimum, Microsoft recommends disabling SMB 1. If SMB 1. This document provides technical background, an overview of risks, and guidance for decision makers regarding SDN.
For some networks, it may be impossible to mitigate critical risks due to architectural or implementation challenges. Commercial Solutions for Classified Tri-fold Abstract: Given constantly evolving mission requirements and the rapid pace of technology advancement, protecting national security systems and deploying information assurance solutions requires an agile, scalable process.
CSfC enables U. This provides the ability to securely communicate based on commercial standards in a solution that can be fielded in months, not years. Commercial Solutions for Classified Brochure Abstract: Given constantly evolving mission requirements and the rapid pace of technology advancement, protecting national security systems and deploying information assurance solutions requires an agile, scalable process.
All versions run over user datagram protocol UDP. Using SNMPv3 by itself is not enough to prevent abuse of the protocol. Combining SNMPv3 with a Management Information Base MIB whitelisting approach using SNMP views can ensure that even with exposed credentials, information cannot be read from or written to the device unless the information is needed for monitoring or normal device re-configuration.
This document is an updated re-release with the new NSA21 format. This paper provides a strategy for hardening, defending, and detecting anomalous and malicious use of administrator tool sets.
Windows 10 for Enterprises Abstract: This document describes features present in Windows 10 Enterprise bit that can disrupt exploitation techniques and tools used against national Security Systems today and how the timely adoption of new releases can help to protect systems in the future. Long-lived Hashes for Active Directory SmartCard Required Accounts Abstract: It is well-known that passwords and their hashes can often be copied and reused by malicious cyber actors.
Requiring smartcards or other hard tokens enables stronger authentication because they cannot be copied. When smartcards, are required to login to Windows Active Directory AD Domains, a random password is created and its hash is associated with the account. In this case, the long random password is better than most user-chosen.
Eliminating Control Flow Exploitation Abstract: Many attacks rely on the ability of an adversary to manipulate the normal, expected flow of the legitimate software executing on a platform. This talk will summarize the mitigations NSA is developing with industry to address this attack vector at a fundamental level and in a way that is largely invisible to the end user and administrator.
This brief will explore common challenges and suggest potential strategies to overcome them. This talk will highlight the security features in the most current version along with our recommended settings. Mitigating Insider Threats Abstract: External cyber intrusions can be difficult to defend against. Internal intrusions by insiders are even more difficult to defend against.
Learn about mitigations that can be effective against insider threats. Comply to Connect Abstract: Ensuring that devices on a network are not vulnerable is hard to do. Comply to Connect C2C simplifies this by enforcing that patches and hardened configuration are applied to devices before they connect and updated continually.
Learn about the benefits of C2C and how easily it can be leveraged to improve most networks. Learn about some of the common barriers to implementing Application Whitelisting and the best practices for overcoming them.
This presentation will be at the Intermediate level. Application Isolation Containment Abstract: Given that writing fully secure code remains an elusive goal, other techniques such as isolating processes to limit the adverse effect of a compromise are promising. This talk will summarize some of the techniques, both integrated into the operating system and available as third party add-ons, to provide this isolation.
To do this, key workforce functions must be capable of performing each of its tasks at a one hundred percent proficiency. Certifying mission-critical employees requires a comprehensive approach that is customized for each functional position.
The critical tasks must be current and use the best learning technologies and management capabilities in the industry. This briefing will advise of Top 10 disclosures and mitigation that thwarts the use of the disclosed unclassified information.
Compliance Training for Technical Professionals: A Case Study Abstract: Technical professionals need more than a list of requirements to build internal controls into systems — they need to learn what questions to ask up front to ensure they have the right compliance requirements.
Explore the evolution and development of Mission Compliance for Technical Professionals, an online training program designed for individuals that are building privacy compliance into systems, software, tools, and analytics. Learn about the challenge of incorporating Subject Matter Experts appropriate to each of the various technical work roles; training topics and key messages; recognizing and mitigating errors in all phases of the IT lifecycle — building, maintaining, and updating.
Government has sought the best means to protect national security interests without inappropriately undermining the value i. While past efforts have focused on managing supply chain risk associated with manufactured equipment and software, the new emerging concern is managing the risks associated with outsourced services.
Making Mitigations Matter Measuring Host Mitigation State Abstract: Mitigations are a significant factor when considering the risks applicable to a network and must be accounted for in order to provide a sense of priority to any additional mitigations that should be applied.
This talk will explore means created or under development by NSA to accurately represent the state of mitigations on a network using automated risk scoring systems, with the results tied to the list of mitigations NSA believes are particularly critical. Why reinvent the wheel or drop something new, something distinguishable, when the tools used on every network every day will provide you all you need? This paper provides a strategy for hardening, defending, and detecting anomalous, and malicious, use of administrator toolsets.
Although VBA macros have legitimate uses, macros in Microsoft Office have proven themselves to be a long-lasting and increasingly popular attack vector. In response to this threat, Microsoft has recently provided an ability to block the execution of VBA macros, in files downloaded from the Internet, for Office3 and Hardening Authentication Update Abstract: On many networks, in order for users to be granted access to network resources, a user must prove that he or she is an authorized user.
This is the process of user authentication. A user can be authenticated by what he has e. More robust authentication processes use two or more of these factors, called multi-factor authentication.
It provides methodologies to collect and analyze host and network data on ICS networks in order to baseline and secure these infrastructures. This vulnerability affects systems world-wide and is of National concern. This privilege escalation vulnerability allows any unprivileged user, defined as a user with restricted permissions, to gain full root access.
Security Configuration Guide for Browser Updates Abstract: Web browsers must be updated on a frequent basis in order to resist highly-scalable, low cost attacks. This document provides a per-browser approach for administrators to keep each major browser updated.
Technical details provided in this guide are subject to change as operating systems and browser software evolve, but the overall strategies are likely to remain consistent. Outdated Network Devices and Unsecure Protocols and Services Expose Network Infrastructure to Compromise Abstract: Outdated network devices have known and unknown vulnerabilities that expose the network to severe risk.
Unsupported, also called end-of-life, devices and software versions will not receive patches from vendors even for known vulnerabilities. Improperly secured communication protocols and services and insecure credentials increase the risk of unauthorized access and modification to the network infrastructure. When network infrastructure devices are deployed, these devices remain online for several years and are rarely rebooted, patched, or upgraded. Network infrastructure devices include routers, switches, access points, gateways, proxies, firewalls, and others.
Networks must not use vulnerable devices and software versions or unsecured protocols unless absolutely necessary, and, if necessary, ONLY along with supplemental mitigations to detect and prevent compromise and lateral movement. Bluetooth for Unclassified Use: A Risk Discussion for IT Decision Makers Abstract: Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology found in many commercial devices used for computing, communication, and healthcare.
The decision to add Bluetooth devices to an IT landscape must be based on well-informed consideration of the risks and benefits. Different types and implementations of Bluetooth devices may incur varying levels of risk, so a good Bluetooth policy likely lies somewhere between permitting all and prohibiting all Bluetooth devices.
This document provides information about the operation of Bluetooth and the threats against it, and suggests questions that decision-makers can ask in order to identify the devices most likely to behave in accordance with a secure Bluetooth policy.
Bluetooth for Unclassified Use: Guidelines for Users Abstract: Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology found in many commercial devices used for computing, communication, and healthcare.
Bluetooth offers the convenience of low-power wireless device-to-device communication, opening the door for diverse and exciting use cases for recreation and business. As with other technologies, threats exist today that endanger the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the information transferred to and from devices using Bluetooth. This document provides background on Bluetooth functionality and includes recommendations for using Bluetooth securely to mitigate possible risks.
Bluetooth for Unclassified Use: Guidelines for Developers Abstract: Bluetooth offers the convenience of low-power wireless device-to-device communication, opening the door for diverse and exciting use cases for recreational and business users.
The proliferation of Bluetooth into a broad range of modern personal devices has generated a demand for software applications that enable users to interact with it. This document provides background on Bluetooth functionality and recommendations for developing secure Bluetooth applications. Take Advantage of Software Improvement Abstract: New security technologies and software development methodologies have drastically improved the security posture of software and systems released over the last decade.
Specifically, new software antiexploitation features in conjunction with the adoption of systematic development processes have contributed to this improvement. Obtaining value from software improvements is only possible through product upgrades and timely deployment of patches.
Implementing a Secure Administrator Workstation Using Device Guard Abstract: Defenders must raise the cost for an adversary to obtain high-value domain credentials after an initial intrusion. One such way is through a dedicated administrator workstation for performing highly-privileged tasks subsequently referred to as a Secure Administrator Workstation SAW. SAWs address credential theft techniques by limiting highly-privileged credentials to specific hardened systems. This guide will help DoD administrators configure a hardened admin workstation using Windows 10 and Device Guard.
Outdated Software and Protocols Updated Abstract: Outdated and unsupported software and protocols have known and unknown vulnerabilities that expose the network to severe risk.
Older software versions were not developed with modern secure coding practices and do not incorporate the most recent mitigations designed to prevent and contain intrusions. Adversaries access the device with valid administrative credentials and then upload malicious code. Compromised devices are used to establish persistence and manipulate device behavior. Refer to the Cisco Security Activity Bulletin for additional threat information.
This Information Assurance Advisory includes recommendations and procedures to identify the loaded ROM image and recover with a trusted ROM image, improving assurance in the device.
A filter sidecar is generally considered to be a network connected system, usually on a trusted operating system, that provides high assurance content inspection and sanitization functions for Cross Domain Solutions. The Filter Sidecar Protocol is intended to provide a mechanism for making new filtering capabilities available to an existing cross domain solution by adding a certified sidecar platform.
As long as the CDS is tested to properly implement the Filter Sidecar Protocol, users should be able to add new content types without having to completely recertify the CDS since the filter sidecar would be separately certified. Network Mitigations Package-Infrastructure Abstract: The security community continues to address emerging network threats. The new security model now consists of prevention, detection, containment, and response to mitigate threats. The NPM-I provides guidance to aid organizations as well as system administrators in hardening core network infrastructure to protect network infrastructure access, network availability, and critical information.
Perform Out-of-Band Network Management Abstract: Out-of-Band OoB network management is a concept that utilizes an alternate communication path to remotely manage network infrastructure. These alternate channels are designed and implemented to isolate management traffic from normal user traffic, so compromised user devices and communications cannot affect network operations or compromised network devices.
Validate Integrity of Hardware and Software Abstract: Grey market devices are network infrastructure devices acquired through unofficial channels. These devices can cause a loss of intellectual property and damage to reputation. Counterfeit hardware and software have appeared across many industries. They are often introduced into the supply chain through non-reputable re-sellers. Unknowingly using grey market devices can significantly comprise your network by introducing vulnerabilities such as logic bombs, back doors, and altered security functions.
It is important to confirm the integrity of devices and software throughout the entire supply chain. Harden Network Devices Abstract: There are several ways to access network devices: through an administration connection, console line, auxiliary line, and virtual terminal connection.
Each method to access network devices should be secured to prevent any unauthorized access to the network device. Secure Access to Infrastructure Devices Abstract: Secure access enables an administrator to maintain positive control of user accessing network infrastructure.
There are multiple secure access devices and techniques that are scalable and can be used to keep your networks secure depending on which method fits the requirement. That advisory recommended utilizing a key size of bits or DH group To maintain consistency this IAA updates the previous one and includes the new guidance of a minimum key size of Application Whitelisting AWL can detect and prevent attempted exectution of malware uploaded by adversaries.
The static nature of some industrial control systems ICS computers, such as database servers and human-machine interfaces, makes these ideal candidates to run AWL. Operators are thus encouraged to work with vendors to baseline and calibrate AWL deployments. ImageMagick Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE Abstract: This document describes a remote code execution vulnerability in earlier versions of ImageMagick, a versatile cross-platform image processing tool, and describes the mitigation actions to take.
In January of , Apple released the final update of QuickTime for Windows and removed the QuickTime plugin from browsers to help mitigate future vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities allow an attacker to remotely exploit a system by sending the victim a malicious. MOV file that is then viewed with QuickTime. Because Apple has ended support, Apple will no longer be deploying patches or future releases on Windows leaving the software unpatched.
Windows systems running QuickTime are vulnerable until the software is removed. Apple and QuickTime are registered trademarks of Apple, Inc. National Security Cyber Assistance Program VAS Accreditation Instruction Manual Abstract: The purpose of this document is to provide application instructions and accreditation guidelines to organizations interested in applying for and receiving this accreditation.
It includes the general types of attacks that WIDS can and cannot detect. Ransomware - Locky Abstract: Malware placemats summarize a particular piece of malware based on researched, collected and fused information and analysis. They are also meant to be eye-catching and easy to digest reports for decision makers and cyber defense practitioners.
This placemat focuses on the ransomware Locky. Application Whitelisting AWL can detect and prevent attempted execution of malware uploaded by adversaries. The static nature of some industrial control system ICS components, such as database servers and human-machine interfaces, makes these ideal candidates to run AWL.
Information Assurance Top 9 Architectural Tenets Abstract: This document describes the top 9 Information Assurance Architectural Tenets to address cyber threats and reduce the frequency and impact of incidents.
Trusted Engineering Solutions Abstract: Trusted Engineering Solutions TES incorporates security engineering and architecture solutions, to provide the next generation in cybersecurity. Security Highlights of Windows 10 Abstract: This document provides a high-level description of new security features in Windows 10 for senior technology leaders.
It describes how these features disrupt attacker tools, techniques, and procedures used against National Security Systems today. This provides guidance for organizations to secure and manage networks thus making the networks defensible and recommends proactive mitigation advise to counter cyber threats. Journal of Information Warfare, Vol. In this publication, we bring you 9 articles from subject matter experts at NSA, all of which focus on cyber-security efforts that attempt to realize their theme of Confidence in Cyberspace.
It also provides links to additional information resources and depicts the Intrusion Lifecycle and Mitigations. Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite Factsheet Abstract: Rapid and secure information sharing is important to protect our Nation, its citizens and its interests. Strong cryptographic algorithms are vital tools that contribute to our national security and help address the need for secure, interoperable communications.
Manageable Network Plan Guide Abstract: A Manageable Network Plan is a series of milestones that can take an unmanageable, insecure network and make it more defensible, more secure and more manageable. Because the plan is intended to be a long-term solution, implementing milestones may require additional resources and time.
Once manageable, your network can be secured more efficiently and effectively. By implementing the outlined measures, network owners and operators will be better positioned to optimize security, manage risk, and implement vulnerabilities.
Community Gold Standard 1. It provides a systematic approach for implementing the access control concept of Least Privilege. Securely Managing Industrial Control System Networks Abstract: The fourth in a series, this document focuses on implementing a secure ICS network management program through comprehensive network management policies and procedures.
An effective network management program is an essential element of maintaining the security posture of critical ICS networks. EMET implements a set of anti-exploitation mitigations that prevent the successful exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities in software, including many zero-day and buffer overflow attacks.
Central to their message is the need to test for the vulnerability by issuing the exploit, and then patching the affected systems.
This technical report presents an introduction for technical and non-technical managers who are unfamiliar with the Bash vulnerability. In particular, this note introduces a few sample code fragments that can test for the vulnerability without exploiting the vulnerability. By specifically restricting access to broad classes of exploits, EMET protects software from memory corruption attacks used by many APT actors, protects software in between patch cycles, and protects legacy software even without access to the source code.
Security Highlights of Windows 7 Abstract: This guide highlights many of the new security features in Windows 7, just one of the many commercial operating systems available. It can be configured as a local computer policy or as domain policy using Group Policy with Windows Server domains and later. Using this guide, administrators can configure SRP to prevent all applications in their domain from running except applications they explicitly allow.
Utilizing SRP as an application whitelisting technique significantly increases the security posture of the domain by preventing many malicious programs from executing. Appendix A lists all of the ARXI security-related settings with recommendations for the environments that should configure those settings.
Central event log collection requires a Windows Server operating system version R2 or above. Many commercially available tools exist for central event log collection. Using a Windows Server R2 or above server version is recommended.
This could be used to allow, for example, basic peripherals such as mice, keyboards, monitors and network cards, but not allow other devices to be connected and installed. It is important to whitelist enough classes of device to allow a successful boot on a variety of hardware.
Details on how to enable whitelisting of specific devices can be found on MSDN. This example set of rules implements the principle outlined in Enterprise Considerations below. Group Policy should be used to apply EMET to Enterprise applications which render untrusted data such as those which are Internet facing. A secondary VPN server or configuration may therefore need to be configured to run in parallel if other devices are being deployed. Microsoft have introduced additional protections to help mitigate Pass-the-Hash attacks in Windows 7.
This Hotfix KB requires configuration as per this section to enable the additional protections. The following points are in addition to the common enterprise considerations and contain specific issues for Windows 7 deployments.
When configuring additional application whitelists for a Windows device, it is important that the following conditions are considered:. This is especially important for scripting languages which have their own execution environment. Windows Server Update Service WSUS can be used to deploy and update Microsoft products but cannot keep third party products up to date unless they have a package in the system management service.
Enterprise software that handles untrusted data downloaded from the Internet through the browser needs additional protections. Application sandboxing and content rendering controls should be considered essential.
For applications such as Microsoft Office, or Adobe Acrobat, the use of their enterprise security controls should be considered. These security controls aim to help protect the end user when processing these potentially malicious files.
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Hide this message. Contents 1. Changes since previous guidance 2. Usage scenario 3. Summary of platform security 4. How the platform can best satisfy the security recommendations 5. Network architecture 6. Deployment process 7. Provisioning steps 8. Configuration settings 9. Enterprise considerations Print this page. Changes since previous guidance This document updates the previous guidance to cover Windows 7 with Service Pack 1.
This enables a variety of remote working approaches such as: accessing OFFICIAL email creating, editing, reviewing and commenting on OFFICIAL documents accessing the OFFICIAL intranet resources, the Internet and other web resources To support these scenarios, the following architectural choices are recommended: all data should be routed over a secure enterprise VPN to ensure the Confidentiality and Integrity of the traffic, and to benefit from enterprise protective monitoring solutions arbitrary third party application installation by users is not permitted on the device.
Applications should be authorised by an administrator and deployed via a trusted mechanism most users should use accounts with no administrative privileges. It is recommended that local administrator accounts have a unique strong password per device 3. Summary of platform security This platform has been assessed against each of the 12 security recommendations, and that assessment is shown in the table below.
Recommendation Rationale 1. A security baseline is a group of Microsoft-recommended configuration settings that explains their security impact. These settings are based on feedback from Microsoft security engineering teams, product groups, partners, and customers. Security baselines are an essential benefit to customers because they bring together expert knowledge from Microsoft, partners, and customers.
For example, there are over 3, Group Policy settings for Windows 10, which does not include over 1, Internet Explorer 11 settings. Of these 4, settings, only some are security-related.
Although Microsoft provides extensive guidance on different security features, exploring each one can take a long time. You would have to determine the security impact of each setting on your own. Then, you would still need to determine the appropriate value for each setting. In modern organizations, the security threat landscape is constantly evolving, and IT pros and policy-makers must keep up with security threats and make required changes to Windows security settings to help mitigate these threats.
To enable faster deployments and make managing Windows easier, Microsoft provides customers with security baselines that are available in consumable formats, such as Group Policy Objects Backups. You can download the security baselines from the Microsoft Download Center. This download page is for the Security Compliance Toolkit SCT , which comprises tools that can assist admins in managing baselines in addition to the security baselines.
The SCT also includes tools to help admins manage the security baselines.
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